Illustration as a word is derived from the Latin illustratio or illustro meaning to enlighten and illuminate. The Oxford dictionary defines this as evidence of an action that serves this purpose.
It's comparable to any art form however what makes an artwork an illustration is how effective it is to communicate specific ideas since the purpose of such work has to have a message or thought, it can be appreciated on an aesthetic level like any art but its intention is to do so in order to enlighten and inform. The reason why images are used for illustrative purposes is because they easily represent other images and are far less abstract then words and music. illustrations can be 3D designs but it still remains a 2D practice due to our current printing and visual communication technology along with our consideration for personal space and storage.
If a viewer walks away from an illustration with a new understanding of a subject it can be considered a successful illustration. Most of the time illustration is merely an image that serves as an adjunct towards something, enhancing the experience or understanding of another thing in a way that builds a brand or decorates it. If the illustration at first seems disparate towards its subject or what it brands or decorates it can still gain meaning due to its context. It is important for the illustrator to understand semiotics and metaphors, what makes a book cover look like a book cover? How can we tell what type of a genre a film is by its poster? An illustrator should possess this knowledge along with the ability and skills to represent a diversity of subjects.
“We all know that Art is not truth. Art is a lie that makes us realize truth at least the truth that is given us to understand. The artist must know the manner whereby to convince others of the truthfulness of his lies.” - Picasso
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